Muscle injury and sports rehabilitation management in endurance training oriented to winter sports / Lesão muscular e gerenciamento da reabilitação esportiva no treinamento de resistência direcionado aos esportes de inverno / Gestión de las lesiones musculares y de la rehabilitación deportiva en el entrenamiento de resistencia dirigido a los deportes de invierno

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle injury in ski sports training has gradually increased, greatly impairing performance in ice and snow sports competitions. Objective: To study muscle injury and muscle movement during ice and snow sports training and the rehabilitation of muscle injuries. Methods: Thirty skiers with knee muscle injuries were selected as subjects and underwent rehabilitation training for six weeks, and the indicators were statistically evaluated. Results: The ski injuries were mainly muscle strain, muscle or ligament strain, and ligament rupture. The indices after treatment were significantly different from those before treatment (P < 0.05); compared with the three rehabilitation programs, the improvement of each index in group C was significantly different from that in the other two groups (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the improvement of each index between the multi-angle isometric training treatment in group A and the proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulation technique in group B (P>0.05). Conclusion: The influence of recovery training technology on knee muscle re-education was proposed, and a rehabilitation plan for skiing was presented. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O quadro de lesão muscular no treinamento esportivo de esqui tem aumentado gradualmente, prejudicando muito o desempenho das competições esportivas de gelo e neve. Objetivo: Estudar a lesão muscular e o movimento muscular durante o treinamento esportivo no gelo e na neve, bem como a reabilitação das lesões musculares. Métodos: Trinta esquiadores com lesão muscular no joelho foram selecionados como sujeitos e submetidos a treinamento de reabilitação por um total de 6 semanas, tendo os indicadores sido avaliados estatisticamente. Resultados: Os tipos de lesões no esqui foram principalmente tensão muscular, tensão muscular ou ligamentar e ruptura ligamentar. Os índices após o tratamento foram significativamente diferentes daqueles antes do tratamento (P < 0,05); comparado com os três programas de reabilitação, a melhora de cada índice no grupo C foi significativamente diferente da dos outros dois grupos (P < 0,05), enquanto não houve diferença significativa na melhora de cada índice entre o tratamento de treinamento isométrico multiangular no grupo A e a técnica de estimulação neuromuscular proprioceptiva no grupo B (P>0,05). Conclusão: A influência da tecnologia de treinamento de recuperação na reeducação muscular do joelho foi proposta, e foi apresentado um plano de reabilitação para a prática de esqui. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El cuadro de lesiones musculares en el entrenamiento de los deportes de esquí ha ido aumentando progresivamente, lo que perjudica en gran medida el rendimiento en las competiciones de deportes de hielo y nieve. Objetivo: Estudiar las lesiones musculares y el movimiento muscular durante el entrenamiento de los deportes de hielo y nieve, así como la rehabilitación de las lesiones musculares. Métodos: Se seleccionaron como sujetos treinta esquiadores con lesiones musculares en la rodilla y se sometieron a un entrenamiento de rehabilitación durante un total de 6 semanas, y se evaluaron estadísticamente los indicadores. Resultados: Los tipos de lesiones de esquí fueron principalmente la distensión muscular, la distensión muscular o de ligamentos y la rotura de ligamentos. Los índices después del tratamiento fueron significativamente diferentes de los anteriores (P < 0,05); en comparación con los tres programas de rehabilitación, la mejora de cada índice en el grupo C fue significativamente diferente de la de los otros dos grupos (P < 0,05), mientras que no hubo diferencias significativas en la mejora de cada índice entre el tratamiento de entrenamiento isométrico multiángulo en el grupo A y la técnica de estimulación neuromuscular propioceptiva en el grupo B (P>0,05). Conclusión: Se propuso la influencia de la tecnología de entrenamiento de recuperación en la reeducación muscular de la rodilla y se presentó un plan de rehabilitación para el esquí. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Prevention of knee joint injuries in winter sports training / Prevenção de lesões articulares do joelho no treino dos esportes de inverno / Prevención de las lesiones articulares de la rodilla en el entrenamiento de los deportes de invierno

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the 2022 Winter Olympic Games launch, ice and snow sports have come into the spotlight, receiving government incentives to encourage their practice. Objective: Examine the causes of knee injury in skiers, proposing preventive measures for joint injury. Methods: The current situation of joint injury in skiers' knees, joint movement in skiing, the cause of joint injury, and the prevention of joint injury were analyzed, and scientific prevention and corresponding treatment plan were developed according to the results of the analysis. Results: The injury rate among skiers is high. Ligament injury, tendon injury, and muscle strain are the three main types of injury. There are 57 mild injuries of various types to the knee joint - 53.27% of all injuries; 41 moderate injuries, representing 38.32% of all injuries; 9 serious injuries, representing 8.41% of all injuries, with minor injuries. Conclusion: This article examines knee motion and the causes of knee injury in skiers and proposes preventive measures for joint injury. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o lançamento dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022, os esportes de gelo e neve entraram em evidência, recebendo incentivos governamentais para encorajamento de sua prática. Objetivo: Examinar as causas da lesão no joelho em esquiadores, propondo medidas preventivas para a lesão articular. Métodos: Foram analisadas a situação atual de lesão articular nos joelhos dos esquiadores, o movimento articular no esqui, a causa das lesões articulares e a prevenção de lesões articulares, além de um plano de prevenção científica e tratamento correspondente, de acordo com os resultados da análise. Resultados: A taxa de lesões em esquiadores é alta. Lesão ligamentar, lesão tendinosa e tensão muscular são os três principais tipos de lesão. Há 57 lesões leves de vários tipos na articulação do joelho - 53,27% de todas as lesões; 41 lesões moderadas, representando 38,32% de todas as lesões; 9 lesões graves, representando 8,41% de todos os ferimentos, com ferimentos menores. Conclusão: Este artigo examina o movimento do joelho e as causas da lesão no joelho em esquiadores, e propõe medidas preventivas para lesão articular. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con la puesta en marcha de los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno de 2022, los deportes de hielo y nieve han pasado a ser el centro de atención, recibiendo incentivos gubernamentales para fomentar su práctica. Objetivo: Examinar las causas de las lesiones de rodilla en los esquiadores, proponiendo medidas preventivas de las lesiones articulares. Métodos: Se analizó la situación actual de las lesiones articulares en las rodillas de los esquiadores, el movimiento articular en el esquí, la causa de las lesiones articulares y la prevención de las mismas, y se elaboró un plan científico de prevención y tratamiento correspondiente según los resultados del análisis. Resultados: El índice de lesiones en los esquiadores es alto. Las lesiones de ligamentos, las lesiones de tendones y las distensiones musculares son los tres tipos principales de lesiones. Hay 57 lesiones leves de diversos tipos en la articulación de la rodilla, el 53,27% de todas las lesiones; 41 lesiones moderadas, que representan el 38,32% de todas las lesiones; 9 lesiones graves, que representan el 8,41% de todas las lesiones, con lesiones leves. Conclusión: Este artículo examina el movimiento de la rodilla y las causas de las lesiones de rodilla en los esquiadores, y propone medidas preventivas para las lesiones articulares. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Comparison and analysis of skiing injuries at ski resorts in Chongli, China and Japan / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#The rapid development of winter sports requires investigation on injuries in Chongli district, Zhangjiakou city, one of the ski sites of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Careful evaluation is required to observe which injuries are caused under what circumstances, and then we can make corresponding preventive measures and recommendations based on the results.@*METHODS@#In this retrospective study, the data of injury cases at ski resorts in China (Chongli district) and Japan were analyzed to provide a reference for the ongoing injury prevention at ski resorts. We collected data on injuries at Wanlong and Fulong ski resorts in Chongli district during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 ski seasons. We referred to the skiing injury report issued in February 2020 of a nationwide ski safety statistical service - Japan Ski Safety Association. The causes of injury and specific injured body parts were analyzed based on the data of Chinese and Japanese ski resorts. Statistical significance has been calculated using the Chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#During the 2019-2020 ski season in Japanese ski resorts, the number of reported injuries per 10,000 skiers was 0.93, of which 457 (17.3%) were over 50 years old, accounting for a large proportion of injuries, meanwhile in Chongli ski resort, the injury rate of skiers aged 50 and over was 7.1%. The knee joint (23.7% at Wanlong ski resort and 28.4% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most injured body part among Chongli and Japanese skiers. Among snowboarders, shoulder joint injury (17.7% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most common, and injury on hands and fingers (16.3% in Wanlong ski resorts) was the most common. Head injury rates are similar in Chongli, China and Japanese ski resorts (8.2% and 8.7%, respectively).@*CONCLUSION@#Our analysis demonstrated that injury data recorded among young skiers was higher in Chinese ski resorts (Chongli district) than that in Japanese ski resorts, and elderly skiers made up a larger proportion of skiing injuries in Japanese resorts. Thus, according to our research, the protection of knee joints, shoulder joints, and hands and fingers should be taken seriously. It should pay attention to the teaching of ski poles (for finger protection), and use protective devices such as knee pads, helmets, etc.

Luxación posterior de cadera en deportes de invierno: reporte de 2 casos y revisión de la literatura / Posterior hip dislocation in winter sports: a report of 2 cases and review of the literature

Presentar 2 casos de luxación traumática de cadera, ocurridos durante una semana en un centro de urgencias de montaña durante la temporada de invierno, asociado a una descripción del manejo de esta dolencia. Materiales y métodos: Se presentan 2 casos de luxación traumática de cadera en esquiadores, junto a una descripción de la epidemiología y el manejo de esta dolencia basado en la literatura disponible. Resultados: Ambos casos presentaron una luxación posterior de cadera izquierda. Fueron diagnosticados y reducidos en pabellón con anestesia general, utilizando la maniobra de Allis. Uno de los pacientes presentó una desinserción del labrum que no requirió cirugía. Discusión: La luxación traumática de cadera es una lesión extremadamente rara entre quienes practican deportes de invierno. La mayoría de los casos son luxaciones posteriores, al igual que las ocurridas con otros eventos traumáticos, aunque entre quienes practican esquí las luxaciones anteriores deben ser también consideradas. Conclusión: La luxación de cadera es una lesión infrecuente entre quienes practican esquí o snowboard, pero es necesario sospecharla debido a sus potenciales complicaciones...

To present 2 cases of traumatic hip dislocation that occurred during a week at a mountain emergency centre during the winter season, as well as a description of its management. Methods: Two cases of traumatic hip dislocation in skiers are presented, along with a description of the epidemiology and management of this condition based on available literature. Results: Both cases were diagnosed as a posterior dislocation of the left hip. Reduction was performed under general anaesthesia, using the Allis manoeuvre in the operating room. One patient had an associated labrum detachment that did not require surgery. Discussion: Traumatic hip dislocation is an extremely rare injury among those who practice winter sports. Most cases are posterior dislocations, as with other traumatic events, but anterior dislocations should also be considered among those who practice skiing. Conclusion: Hip dislocation is an uncommon injury among those who practice skiing or snowboarding and a high level of suspicion is necessary to avoid potential complications...

Prevención de lesiones en esquí / Skiing injury prevention

El esquí es un deporte que practican más de 200 millones de personas en el mundo y en nuestro país su práctica va en aumento. Las lesiones del esquí han disminuido en las últimas décadas a casi un tercio, pero se han concentrado y aumentado las lesiones específicas de la rodilla. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica analizando los factores que influyen en la producción de lesiones y sus métodos de prevención. El presente artículo muestra cómo algunas medidas de prevención como evitar conductas riesgosas, condición física, uso de equipo adecuado y ajuste de fijaciones pueden disminuir las lesiones del esquí.

Skiing is a sport practiced by over 200 million people in the world and in our country the practice is increasing. Skiing injuries have declined in recent decades to about a third but have concentrated and increased specific lesions of the knee. We performed a literature review analyzing the factors that influence the production of injuries and their prevention methods. This article present, how some preventive measures such as avoiding risky behaviors, fitness, proper equipment use and binding adjustment can reduce skiing injuries.

Lesiones de radio distal y muñeca en snowboard / Wrist injuries in snowboard

Desde hace varios años aumenta exponencialmente la practica del snowboard y con este deporte invernal la aparicion de patologias que afectan a niños, adolescentes y adultos jovenes, y tambien sabemos que desde su aparicion la fractura de muñeca es la patologia mas frecuente. El proposito de este trabajo es identificar e interpretar las lesiones del radio distal y la muñeca ya que observamos que son muy especificas de este deporte que se practica en todos los centros de esqui. Por medio del metodo observacional establecimos que su frecuencia es de 1/1000 en relacion al total de esquiadores y 1/100 entre los que practican snowboard, los factores de riesgo, los mecanismos propios de lesion y las acciones preventivas y posibles tratamientos de eleccion.